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Motherboards

By Craig Stephenson

Motherboards are electrical hubs of a computer. Motherboards are sometimes called system boards or mainboards. Because every electrical connection in a computer is facilitated by the motherboard, it is sometimes called the backbone of a computer system. Much like a person's spine supports the cerebrum, motherboards support the central processing unit, or brain of a computer. But, the CPU is only one of many components housed by motherboards. Motherboards typically contain the following components: electrical sockets for the CPU, sockets for the main memory, chipset to interface, non-volatile memory chips including the basic input/output system (BIOS), a clock generator, power connector flickers, input device connectors and expansion slots.

The motherboard has electrical sockets for the microprocessor. There can be more than one microprocessor on the motherboard. The microprocessor is also referred to as a CPU, or central processing unit. The CPU is where execution of computer programs takes place.

Motherboards contain the sockets for the system?s main memory, usually comprised of dual inline memory modules. These are also called DIMM modules. They contain dynamic random access memory chips. These are also known as DRAM chips.

Motherboards contain chipsets, which are a group of integrated circuits creating an interface between the main memory and peripheral buses. The chipset is normally referred to in two parts the Northbridge and the Southbridge. Northbridge links high-speed devices, such as graphics controllers. The Southbridge connects to lower-speed peripheral buses such as printers and other hardware devices. The strength of a motherboard is in the Northbridge and Southbridge chipset it contains.

Non-volatile memory chips are present on the motherboard. An example of this type of memory chip is the BIOS, or basic input/output system. This system is responsible for ensuring a computer boots properly by initializing, identifying and testing each of the system devices.

Motherboards contain non-volatile memory chips. The most commonly known type of non-volatile memory is the basic input/output system, or BIOS. The reason the BIOS is so well known, is because it stores settings that control the booting of a computer. When the computer starts up, the BIOS settings routinely initialize, identify and test system devices for functionality.

Another component of motherboards is the expansion slots, also called sockets. These expansion slots are where expansion cards can be plugged in to expand the functions of the computer. Graphics cards, sound cards and input/output devices are just a few of the devices that can be added using these expansion slots.

Motherboards contain power connector flickers. These flickers receive power from the computer?s main power supply and distribute the power to other components of the motherboard including the CPU, chipsets, main memory, and expansion cards.

Occasionally motherboards quit working properly. Some symptoms of motherboard malfunction include: 1. a computer lock up 2. one long beep and three short beeps 3. change or incorrect time 4. an error message appears on your computer that indicates DMA, CMOS battery or RAM failure 5. the computer power light is working, but the computer will not boot up

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