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Overview of Motherboards

By Matthew Kerridge

Motherboards are the main printed circuit boards in computers, and are in many other electronics devices including mobile phones, stop-watches, and clocks. They are also called main boards, system boards, or logic boards, and are shortened to Mobo in casual technical reference. They are made by connecting various electrical parts and components, usually with wiring and soldering, to create communications and processing pathways.

The motherboard in a computer provides the electrical connections for other components to communicate, and holds the central processing unit. It is common for computers to have the microprocessor and memory on the motherboard, with other components like external storage, controllers, and peripheral devices attached as plug-in cards or cables. Some of these peripherals are on the motherboard itself.

All the component's critical connections are processed by this printed circuit board that houses the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the BIOS chip. The CPU and the BIOS chip run a computer. The computer is turned on and the BIOS starts up, and it powers up the CPU which controls all the other main systems of the computer. The CPU consists of many transistors (sometimes millions) and devices that process a multitude of programmed tasks.

A computer's main component is the motherboard. All the component's critical connections are processed by this printed circuit board that houses the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the BIOS chip. The CPU and the BIOS chip are the two main systems that run a computer. The BIOS starts first when the computer is turned on, and it powers up the CPU which controls the hard drive, the operating system, and audio and video. The CPU contains many transistors and devices (Pentium IV has more than 4 million transistors) that process a multitude of programmed jobs. .

Damage to the motherboard will usually require replacement rather than repair. Things like dropping the computer, operating the computer during a lightning or electrical storm, spilling liquids on the computer, exposure to strong magnetic or electrical charges, and broken fans or heat sinks will cause damage to the electrical components and wiring in the motherboard. If the computer smokes, will not start, or will not run properly, it may indicate motherboard failure and require diagnostic testing.

There are many things that can damage the motherboard, which is comprised of delicate electrical components, connections, and wiring, and make replacement necessary. Lightning can damage a motherboard if it travels through the wiring. Dropping a computer, especially a laptop, can damage the motherboard. Getting liquids on the motherboard, usually by spilling something in the keyboard, will short it out. Strong magnetic or electrical charges directly on or near the computer can damage the motherboard. If the fan or heat sink fails, the CPU and other components on the motherboard can overheat and be irreparably damaged. There are several diagnostic processes to use to determine if the motherboard has failed.

Motherboards are essential parts of computers, similar to the engines in automobiles. Computers will not run without them or if they are damaged. Motherboards are comprised of many different electrical components. The newest motherboards have many more components wired onto them than older motherboards, for faster and more efficient and powerful processing. They are delicate and complicated technological components that are essential to computing.

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